History 04/02/20 Why not all the peoples of the USSR at school for free.
Contrary to popular belief, free education in the USSR there was not always the case, most of the citizens to receive the prestigious specialty was simply not affordable. In addition, in this matter the Soviet government did not comply with the declared in the Constitution the principle of equality of peoples, providing some of the nation’s privileges at the expense of others.
the Fee is not for everybody
on 2 October 1940, the CPC of the USSR adopted a resolution № 638, in accordance with which introduced tuition fees in the senior classes of schools and higher educational institutions. The size of the payment differed from region to region, but on average in the province of the parents had to pay about 150 rubles per year, which was equal to half the average monthly salary of a Soviet man. Studying at the University, in most cities cost 300 roubles a year (in capitals – 400 rubles). Judging by the price, especially wide possibilities opened diploma art, music or theatre of the University for the parents students had to pay 500 rubles a year.
at First, student representatives of all the peoples of the USSR paid the same, but then Stalin’s government made an exception for natives of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In 1943, he published several decrees of the CPC, freed from tuition fees in high schools and universities of natives of national republics of the USSR. The opportunity to study for free got Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Bukharan Jews and some other minorities. In the North Caucasus “privileged” was the Balkars and Kabardians. Thus, the leadership of the country has openly violated the basic law of the Union of Soviet republics, prohibiting “the establishment of direct or indirect advantages of citizens depending on their racial and national affiliation.” In fairness it should be noted, what benefits are provided not only on a national basis. To pay for school should not have been orphans, and children with disabilities and pensioners.
Consequences
After 1940 are the least likely to get a decent education were the children of Russian farmers, who formed the largest population segment of the population. So do not be surprised when grandparents born in the 1930-ies and 1940-ies, tell us that finished all 7 classes. It wasn’t that they didn’t want to learn or had no skills, but the fact that there was no financial possibility to continue his studies. Farmers worked for their labor, and money is often received as wages natural products. So they simply could not afford to send a child to College. Not having school diplomas, the children of farmers were enrolled in the schools of factory training and sought to quickly begin to work to help their families. Subsequently, some of them fill the gaps in education by attending evening school.
Due to the rigid policy of the Soviet government has succeeded in reducing the number of persons with secondary or higher education. On the one hand, uneducated and unskilled people was much easier to manage. On the other, citizens of the USSR did not remain anything else how to go to the factories.
Such a system with changes remained in the USSR until 1956, when the country’s leadership decided to abolish tuition fees. However, for the southern republics was preserved benefits in the form of the right to enroll in universities of Russia and Ukraine without competition. In addition, the Soviet ruling elite had already formed of the people who have been educated under Stalin. And in the era of the thaw and stagnation, in connection with the cessation of repression, the rotation of senior personnel on the ground were already much less.
the Generation of the prewar and war years, could not get a decent education and who gave the best years of hard work in factories, tended to their children and grandchildren necessarilyno received high school diplomas. Therein perhaps lie the origins of many of the stereotypes about higher education in modern Russia. The country is suffering from overproduction “of lawyers” and “managers” and a huge number of people currently working in another profession.
Timur Sagdiyev
Source:
© Russian Seven
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