Another 27/12/19 Why the Soviet Union supported Nazi Germany in the beginning of the Second world
it is Known that with the beginning of the Second world war, the Soviet Union provided active assistance to Germany. Though turn around the situation otherwise, Moscow could be on the side of Warsaw, Paris and London. Probably, Stalin did not care whom to support, as long as this war was fought to exhaustion.
Political games
toward the end of 1930-ies it became evident that Europe did not avoid war. Most European community bothered unprecedented militarization of Germany. Serious role playing and gaining the power of the Soviet Union. Writer Nikolai Tsvetkov in the book “the evil Genius of Stalin,” notes that the fate of a continent depended on which countries of the Soviet Union concluded an Alliance: Alliance with Britain and France would ensure Europe peace with Germany would have meant immediate war.
Many of Stalin’s statement suggests that the leader still cherished the hope for the victory of the world proletariat, however, it is hampered as a bourgeois democracy, and nationalist regimes in Europe. However, Stalin did not call for the active export of the ideas of world revolution. Speaking at the XVIII Congress of the CPSU(b) in March 1939, the leader urged not to hurry, “be careful and not to get into conflicts our country, provocateurs of war.”
In turn, Britain and France were willing to push the foreheads of the Nazis and the Communists, thereby removing the threat of war from its borders. They tried to turn to curry favor with Moscow and Berlin, feeling the pain points of totalitarian regimes and playing on their contradictions. The European bourgeoisie frightened by the prospects of distribution in Europe, as the Bolshevik and fascist regimes.
in 1925, Stalin announced to his colleagues the idea that in case of war, the Soviet Union will not be able to stay away, however, our goal in her last start “in order to throw recaudoth weight on the scales”. On the eve of the outbreak of the Hitler war, the Soviet leader prudently probed the ground, identifying the possible role of the USSR in the European conflict.
For these purposes, Stalin initiated a diplomatic game with Britain and France, seeking their consent to the passage of Soviet troops across the Baltic States, Poland and Romania. In parallel, Moscow was in contact with Germany using the negotiations with the Western powers as a means of pressure against Hitler. To agree with Chamberlain and Lebrun Stalin and failed. The tripartite Soviet-French-British negotiations held from April to August, 1939, came to a standstill. Now the goal was the Alliance with Berlin – this longed for Hitler himself.
Unexpected help
the Soviet Union has established contacts with Germany in the mid 1920s. Germany, the military potential of which was severely limited by the Versailles Treaty, suddenly found ally in the Soviet Union. The Germans gave the nod to the creation of a tank school in Kazan, flying school in Lipetsk, aerogematiceski stations at Moscow and the Volga. Graduates of these institutions, Walter Model, Heinz Guderian, Werner von Blomberg, later became a prominent figure in the armed forces of the Third Reich.
With the advent of Hitler to power relations between the two countries disintegrated, however, this did not prevent them to find common ground in August 1939 when it signed a “nonaggression Pact” together with the secret protocols, which established spheres of interests of Moscow and Berlin in Eastern Europe. The beginning of the Second world war marked a new stage of Soviet-German cooperation. After the entry in war of France and Britain, Germany was cut off from the supply of important strategic raw materials and it could save only economic cooperation with Russia.
the Soviet leadership assured the German partners, which obligations will be fulfilled. Hitler had already hastened to reassure his generals that it is not necessary to be afraid of the naval blockade: everything you need for a successful conclusion of the European campaign they will. The parties have identified two main directions of transportation of goods to Germany by sea from Murmansk and by rail from Leningrad.
during 1940 and early 1941 Germany was about half of the exports of the Soviet Union: oil, copper, iron, platinum, Nickel, tin, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten is an extremely important materials for the German defense industry. In the midst of the European victories of the Germans requested a doubling of the supply of grain from the Soviet Union, which has already reached 1 million tons. The last train with Soviet grain went to Germany on 22 June 1941, about an hour before Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union.
a Chance for the Comintern
the answer to the question, why Stalin had to sign an agreement with Germany and to support it one throws a most interesting document, which the researchers found in the early 1990s in the Center of storage of historical-documentary collections (the former Special archive of the USSR). Talking about Stalin’s speech at the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) on 19 August 1939, on the eve of the signing of the Soviet-German Pact.
the Soviet leader was well aware of the inevitability of major war in Europe. Not wanting involvement in the conflict, the Soviet Union, he nevertheless considered the prospects of the Soviet Union one way or another belligerent, in both political and economic terms. Stalin assumed that at the conclusion of the Treaty of mutual assistance with France and Britain Germany would leave its claims on Poland and obviously will be to seek consensus with the Western powers. This means that further developments may take the threat to the Soviet Union turnover.
the Version of the agreement with Germany, according to Stalin, obviously will only accelerate its seizure of Poland and will make the inevitable inclusion in the war between France and the UK. Europe for some time will plunge into chaos, allowing the Soviet Union to remain aloof from the conflict, thought the leader and then the Soviet government will have time to correctly assess the situation and adjust their behavior.
Dthe self Stalin switched to the topic of the international proletarian movement, noting that throughout the period since the October revolution, the development of the ideas of the Comintern was frozen. He explains simply: peace time is not conducive to coming to power in European countries of the Bolshevik party – it requires a big war.
Subsequent actions of the Soviet Union had to come from the fact how the outcome of this war will come Germany. In case of defeat, according to Stalin, Germany would have inevitably led by the Bolshevik government, but it would be in great danger if the war ended fleeting. In this case, the retaining force Britain and France could deal with the fledgling Soviet Germany and the Soviet Union would not have been able to help her.
Conclusion Stalin is “In the interests of the USSR, war broke out between the Reich and the capitalist Anglo-French bloc. We must do everything so that this war last as long as possible in order to exhaustion on both sides. It is for this reason that we must agree to the Pact proposed by Germany.”
a Fatal underestimation
Curiously, and the option of a German victory Stalin also considered it acceptable to the Soviet Union, but only if the conflict is prolonged until complete exhaustion of the forces and resources of the Reich: in this state it would for a long time do not constitute a threat to the USSR. It turns out, by helping Hitler, Stalin miscalculated: it only accelerated the victory of Germany and helped to keep her forces for the Eastern campaign?
the Former intelligence officer, retired Colonel Yuri Bassists, confirms this view. In his opinion, Stalin in attempts to predict the course of the military campaign in Europe, “too fond of futurology”, his conclusions about what will happen in case of loss or victory of Germany in the war with the West, are striking in their naivety and amateurism. Unfortunately, the confidence of the Soviet leader that Germany “for many decades, will be occupied by the maintenance and establishment of order in the conquered territories of Europe”, has had tragic consequences for the Soviet Union.
There is an opinion that the Treaty with Germany, Stalin needed to have the ability and time to prepare for big European war. It has a lot of inferences. In particular, the speech of the leader before graduates of military academies on may 5, 1941, where he stated that the conversations about the world should be seen “in the context of the Third international struggle against world imperialism”.
Returning to the August speech of Stalin in 1939 it should be noted that it was soon published in the Swiss newspaper Revue de droit internationale. Whom the text of the speech was submitted to the West is unknown. British historian Richard Overy believes that the article in the Swiss newspaper was the reason for the postponement of the invasion of Poland from 25 August to 1 September. But in the end, Stalin’s speech influenced the behavior of Hitler, we can only guess.
Taras Repin
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© Russian Seven
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