History 16/01/20 date of Hitler’s attack: why Stalin did not believe the Soviet intelligence
Today, based on the research of military historians and the memoirs of Soviet and foreign military leaders, it can be argued that the scouts repeatedly warned Stalin about the impending German aggression. 10 days before the outbreak of war our intelligence 47 times (!) informed the Soviet leadership on the alleged attack of the Wehrmacht (interview with military historian Arsen Martirosyan “KP” 21.06.11). Received such information before, but the date of the beginning of operation “Barbarossa” very different, it made Stalin doubt and assume that Soviet spies could become victims of disinformation, deliberately provoking a conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union.
“Ramsay” and “Red orchestra” about the beginning of aggression
One of the most important sources of information about Hitler’s plans concerning war against the Soviet Union was the “Red orchestra”, an underground antifascist organization led Harro Schulze-Boysen (undercover alias — “Sergeant”), officers of the German General staff of the air force, and the Ministerial officer Arvid Hamakom (“Corsican”).
the First information about the date of the beginning of the aggression came from anti-fascists March 9, 1941. They with reference to two General field marshals reported that the war would be launched by Hitler on 1 may. Then “Red orchestra” has repeatedly reported about the alleged invasion, each time changing the date first to April 15, then may 20. Finally, on June 16 from the underground received information about the end of all preparations of Germany for war, they emphasized: “…the impact can be expected at any time” (Alexander Ognev, “On the pages of the newspaper “Pravda”).
No less contradictory information regarding the date of the invasion was received from Richard Sorge (“Ramsay”). On 19 may he gave know that war can be begun by Hitler in late may. Then, on may 30 Richard Sorge informs on the beginning aggression in the second half of June. Finally, on 20 June, citing the German Ambassador Ott, Soviet spy says from Tokyo that “… the war between Germany and the Soviet Union is inevitable” (Igor Pyhalov. “The great slandered war”, 2005).
Why is it different information on the start dates of the invasion from such a deeply informed razvedenkov as “the Red chapel” and “Ramsay”? The fact that Hitler until the last moment had not announced its decision on the beginning of the campaign against the Soviet Union (Burkhart Mueller-Hillebrand, “Land army of Germany 1933-1945.”, 2003). The order on the commencement of the war, accordingly, Hitler’s order was given, General field Marshal W. von Brougham, the then commander of the ground forces of Germany, 10 June 1941.
Information about the beginning of the invasion from other sources
About the plans of Hitler’s attack on the USSR, Stalin started to report back in 1935. And even then, sources indicate different dates. And from January 1941 to 1st Directorate of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR has received 45 such reports, the GRU of the General staff – 22, in the intelligence Directorate of the Navy – 1.
But only after 10 June 1941, messages from different residencies became more specific and reliable nature. Moreover, most early reports began to arrive from the exploration of the border. Starting from 14 June, based on the testimony of detainees saboteurs, defectors, sympathetic residents of the border regions of the USSR, the guards repeatedly referred to the date of the invasion on June 22. Of course, clarifying information, and other channels (Intelligence staff Wsmd No. 118-126, rsma. F. 25874. Op. 2. D. 530., data of aerial surveys, etc.).
Yes, and Stalin himself, probing in correspondence with Hitler (the exchange of letters between the two leaders was before the war very lively) his plans, at the urgent make Molotov, to explain the concentration of German groups near the border with the USSR (Mikhail Fintushel, “Correspondence on the eve of 22 June 1941”), finally realized that the invasion is imminent and it will take place, namelyon, June 22.
But only 18 of June, the Soviet leadership began to attempt bringing troops to increased degree of combat readiness.
Russian Seven
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