History 14/02/20 Project Sadko: what the underwater houses were built in the USSR
according to statistics every year our civilization is increasing by eighty million people. It is logical to assume that the day is near when people will have to look for a new home as Earth becomes too crowded. On this question the Soviet scientists have thought in the middle of last century. And your eyes they drew not in space but in the depths of the ocean. In the Soviet Union even had a few projects to create entire underwater homes, which could form entire towns.
Hydropolicy: life in the ocean
scientists estimate that a global shortage of food, as well as the critical overpopulation of the planet come on Earth by the middle of the twenty-first century. As a means of survival, scientists of the leading countries in the world proposed the creation of underwater cities: Hydropolis. Moreover, according to the researchers, the life they will be more comfortable than on land. In fact, it will be a giant skyscraper located in the waters of the ocean. The city will be safe from the point of view of weather, atmospheric phenomena, earthquakes and fluctuations of pressure and temperature. Electricity Hydropolis will get from tidal power plants and electricity generators operating in the temperature extremes. It should be noted that today there are all the technology to start building underwater cities and in the Soviet Union starting from 1960-ies, were carried out not only active work on the development projects of these cities, but even full-scale testing of underwater homes.
the Soviet “Ikhtiandry”
In fiction more detail on the creation of underwater cities was described by the famous Soviet writer A. R. Belyayev. It is not surprising that in the Soviet Union appeared the first projects of creation of underwater homes. Moreover, these experiments were conducted as state organizations and groups of divers enthusiasts. They were among the first members of the diving club “ichthyander”, located in Donetsk. In this project, the diving was supposed to conduct several studies on the reaction of human health for a long stay under water up to the establishment and operation of structures designed for human life in the depths of the sea. Since most of the project participants were employees of the Institute of mining mechanics and technical Cybernetics, a scientific research organization has provided substantial financial support to a unique project. The Institute was allocated the metal from which enthusiasts made an underwater house in the shape of an inverted Cup. The air in this building was injected with the decommissioned aircraft of the compressor, and the electricity supposed to get from the former in the use of plants. In the summer of 1966 the draft of the underwater home was taken to Cape Tarhankut in the Crimea, starting to prepare for the dive. Those wishing to live in an underwater house with an area of 6 sq. m. accumulated over a hundred people. Descend into the underwater home, equipped with window, light, phone, bathroom and two beds were supposed to be in shifts because the building could accommodate only two people. Food under the water was to deliver divers, transferring its inhabitants unusual structures via a special gateway. Finally on 22 August 1966 underwater home dropped into the sea at a depth of 11 meters. Its first resident was Alexander Haes, which a day later was joined by Dmitry Galaktionov. The first private experiment of life under water lasted only three days, but brought it to the organizers of the world famous. A year later the experiment was repeated. Created a new habitat in the form of a star with three rays, with an area of 28 sq. m. and has four rooms. Except the people in the underwater building housed animals. The company people made rats and rabbits. Underwater inhabitants of unusual housing has successfully held for two weeks. UnfortunatelAlenia, the project is not receiving state support in 1969, was closed.
a New journey “Sadko”
in addition to the design of underwater homes successfully implemented by enthusiasts in the Soviet Union carried out similar experiments at the state level. In 1966 was launched into the water first underwater laboratory with a symbolic name “Sadko”. The project was prepared by the Sukhumi branch of the Institute of Acoustic. Underwater home Sadko was in the form of a sphere with a diameter of 3 sq. m. For stability on the seabed, the ball came with a special stand, and the crew was two people. With the external world of inhabitants of the underwater house was connected to the phone. In “Sadko” was used for the air supply, there was a ventilation and a device for pressure equalization. First conducted on animals. Subjects were dropped at a record depth of 35 meters. However, living people have loaded only 12 meters. Under water scientists was about 6 hours. During the experiment the underwater house was visited by 8 crews of two persons each. The final research reports were the most sympathetic. The project “Sadko” shown in practice that with physical, psychological and technological sides of Soviet science was ready to begin the creation of underwater homes and then cities. A few years later established a second underwater laboratory “Sadko-2”. It was more spacious and had two cylindrical compartments. The added a bathroom and a storeroom. In the experiment, the two scientists were lowered to a depth of 25 meters, where he worked for six days. The experiment was also successful. In the third part of the research in 1969, scientists have developed the third unit – “Sadko – 3”. At this time, the researchers sank to the seabed in the apparatus having three spherical compartments. The number of inhabitants of the underwater homes increased to three people who had been at sea for 14 days. During the third part of the experiment in addition to learning the possibilities of human life in the underwater construction was carried out serious byakustatistical research. But, despite the fact that this experimental stage also ended successfully at the state level, further research works on creation of underwater homes has decided not to continue. Installation for the life of the people underwater was too expensive, and practical application had not. However, Soviet scientists have proven the possibility of creating underwater homes to human life in the waters of the seas and oceans.
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