In the Soviet Union who received apartments thanks to the great Patriotic

10/01/20 history in the Soviet Union Who received apartments thanks to the great domestic

In the 1920-30 years in the Soviet Union housing was one of the most painful for citizens and on the eve of the great Patriotic war was considered a very difficult problem, especially in Moscow, Leningrad and other major cities. Industrialization demanded labor, and collectivization pushed dissatisfied with the change of peasants from the villages. In 1926-1939. in the city moved more than 18.5 million rural residents. Housing, strong migration inflows into the city could not keep up. As a result, the citizens were engaged in “live-loaded” in the apartments (it is the official definition of those years, by the way), and spacious homes were awarded the most loyal and useful of the Communists. In the thirties of the housing problem even contributed to the unwinding of the flywheel of political repression (for example, in 1935 a result of the eviction of “former people” from Leningrad was freed thousands of good homes, occupied by party officials and the NKVD).

Probably, the Soviet government planned to tackle the housing crisis. But the sound of a terrible war and the issue faded into the background. The country experienced strong shaking, which has changed the life of every Soviet man. Migration flows have intensified and involved many millions of people. Historian D. V. L. Mankiewicz (“Migration of the Soviet population in the early postwar years..”, 2008) specifies that after the war it was necessary to bring the population of “settlement”.

At the same time the housing problem was already completely solved for party workers, government officials and many military – not only in the former territories of the USSR provided housing in the first place, but also, for example, were sent to the territory included in the composition of the country in the years 1939-1945 (Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Kaliningrad oblast (a part of East Prussia), etc.), and of course, their and there, well provided apartments and houses. In addition, the war-ravaged territory have arrived workers and specialists to the restoration industry. Only in Kaliningrad oblast moved to the spring of 1946, 54 thousand people, and by the end of the year – even more than 26 thousand of the German population left and freed for new housing.

in addition, no matter how cynical it may sound, the death of millions of people unloaded in the city. This advantage of the communal apartments that occupy the room of dead neighbors. But it was short-lived. People died, and the company is not. This meant that the government will again populate the city as tight as possible (of course, at the expense of the rural population) — because the industry was to the economy is more important than agriculture. Most of all, this trend was notable in the deserted because of the terrible blockade of Leningrad. After the expulsion of the Germans, in 1944, began the restoration of Leningrad. There was a huge need for industrial personnel, and SCG has decided to recruit for the city on the Neva from all over the country 30 thousand production workers and 18 thousand rural youth from different regions of Russia. Then another. New Leningrad residents moved into the empty house. Slowly returned and the evacuated Leningrad citizens, and demobilized soldiers.

Soon the housing problem again manifested itself. Of the 15.4 million sq. m. of housing city of 2.5 million was destroyed during the siege, another 2 million were partially destroyed buildings in need of major repairs. Almost had not experienced difficulties at that time, only prominent Communists and soldiers – they had booked 2.3 million sq. m. worst of all I had those who returned from evacuation, but in place of their houses found in ruins. In each district 1-2 thousand homeless families standing in the queue for housing. The hard work of Leningrad’s housing recovery was gradually borne fruit, but it took a lot of time to organize people. Before the war lived in the city 31 million people by the end of 1945 only 1.2 million housing Recovery helped to attract new residents, whose numbers grew in the 1950s-60s pre-war To 1959, the population had almost recovered and was 2.9 million, in 1967 already exceeded 3.3 million.

the Housing crisis was overcome since the 1960s, when it appeared the famous “Khrushchev.”

Konstantin Dmitriev

Source:
© Russian Seven

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