History 08/01/20 fought Stalin, if Hitler had taken Moscow and Leningrad
it is known that Stalin was preparing to continue the war with Germany in these adverse situations. And they were very likely.
the Evacuation of Leningrad
In late August there was a threat of breakthrough of German troops to Leningrad. Hitler of the 21st of August 1941 set the task to take the city. But faced with stubborn resistance of Soviet troops on 6 September he changed the original plan: now only required to surround Leningrad. The delay with the capture of the city on the Neva could delay the beginning of the operation to capture Moscow, which Hitler planned to be completed before the onset of winter. The capture of Moscow was the more important task: carrying, as it seemed to the leaders of the Third Reich, will ensure victory in the war.
the Soviet command didn’t know about the changed plans of Hitler. In Leningrad was prepared to undermine more than 400 businesses. Several hundred objects were planned to destroy by mechanical means in case of leaving the city. Mining continued in the October-November 1941, when the front line on the outskirts of the city stabilized. A detailed “Plan D”, details painted the destruction of the city during his forced evacuation, GHQ was abolished in February 1944.
it is Obvious that the abandonment of Leningrad would not affect the determination of the Soviet leadership to engage the Great Patriotic war to complete victory.
the Evacuation of Moscow
preparations for the explosion were carried out at the enterprises of Moscow. In mid-October 1941 on the front, there was a threatening situation. German tanks at any moment could appear on the outskirts of Moscow. The evacuation of government institutions and the diplomatic corps in Kuibyshev and other cities.
However, this could not remain secret. Panic spread to all party cells and administrative organizations, passed on to the population. Managers and supervisors ran ahead of everyone, taking with him property of the state. Road on the outskirts of Moscow, flooded thousands of black cars with government plates.
From 16 to 19 October in Moscow, chaos reigned. It stopped only when it became known that Stalin and several Politburo members and a small group of employees in the operations Directorate of the General staff remained in Moscow. Seeing the advancing demoralization, he realized that if he left all the control and resistance in Moscow will collapse and capital will inevitably fall.
But the evacuation continued. In the case of a breakthrough of the Germans, Stalin had to leave Moscow and join the government authorities in Kuibyshev. This city on the Volga became for a few months – until February 1942 – the temporary capital of the USSR.
Spare command centers in the Volga region
22 November 1941, during the intense period of the defense of Moscow, the State Defense Committee adopted a resolution on the construction of a spare command post of the Supreme Commander in the East. They are often called secret bunkers of Stalin. According to the plan, they were supposed to be built in seven cities – city of Gorky, Kazan, Kuibyshev, Saratov, Stalingrad, Ulyanovsk, and Yaroslavl.
In the case of the Germans taking Moscow, the Soviet leader could move to one of these items. The construction of the replacement shelter was not terminated at the end of the battle of Moscow. The events of the summer of 1942, when the enemy managed to reach the Volga at Stalingrad, confirmed the correctness of this decision. Work on the construction of bunkers in the Volga city continued in 1943. However, now declassified only one such sanctuary in Kuibyshev/Samara. It now operates as a Museum. The rest were either not completed or remain classified.
Planning for operations after the surrender of Moscow
On the planning of the Stalin military action in the event of the abandonment of Moscow is also attested by the decision of the State defense Committee of 20 October 1941 on the establishment of a strategic rear defence. The construction of fortifications was planned mostly under the cover of large rivers (Izhevsk, Volga, Sura) on a line Barnaul—Cherepovets—Rybinsk—Yaroslavl—Bitter—Penza—Saratov—Stalingrad—Astrakhan. This line was formed ten reserve armies.
In the case of the collapse of the Soviet defense from near Leningrad, Moscow and in the South the remnants of the Soviet troops had to retreat to this line, already occupied by fresh forces. It is noteworthy that in large part it coincided with the final turn of the German troops on the plan “Barbarossa”. Consequently, the strategic environment, which the German General staff considered the victorious end of the war, are not perceived by Stalin as a defeat! He is still presumed in such a situation to continue to resist and win.
Like the Guomindang China, who also won
what resources they could count the USSR in case of a fall of Moscow and Leningrad in late 1941? First of all, of course, is the industry of the Volga region and the Urals. It existed there before the war enterprises in 1941 a new one was added, evacuated from the West country. This is a huge resource base of these regions, as well as Siberia and Central Asia (even in case of loss of the Far East, if Japan attacked the USSR).
of particular importance acquired supplies from the United States and the British Empire under lend-lease. However, the situation was complicated by the fact that the Soviet Union could lose control over the supply routes. The main communication was via Vladivostok via the TRANS-Siberian railway. But it could be cut off by the Japanese. Similarly, the ports of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk would be useless if the Germans cut them coming from the railway. There was still the Transcaucasian route from Iran but also from USSR it could be cut in case of capture by the Germans of the North Caucasus and district of Baku.
In these conditions the most important strategic objective for Stalin was hold in the city.iy connecting the unoccupied territory of the USSR with the allies.
the position of the USSR was very reminiscent of the situation of China under Chiang Kai-shek in the war with the Japanese. Japan was able to capture the largest city in the country and the territory inhabited by almost half of China’s population. Nevertheless, China continued to resist on the remaining territory, and by the end of the Second world war was proclaimed one of the winners.
So the key was to preserve the determination to win – and it is the Soviet leadership undoubtedly had – and control of the USSR. The second was in direct proportion to the first.
Yaroslav Butakov
Source:
© Russian Seven
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