History 22/01/20 As the Russian fascists in China agitated the white Russians to war with the USSR
the Territorial dispute between Russia and Japan over the Far East, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands have repeatedly led to armed clashes. Suffice it to recall the war of 1904-1905, the Japanese intervention troops after the October revolution, and the Alliance of Japan with Nazi Germany. As no confrontation between the two States is never complete without mutual espionage, during WWII the Japanese tried to recruit Russian in his exploration in a variety of ways, including through film.
Preparations for war
the Military phase of confrontation between the USSR and Japan in the Second world war lasted very long: from 8 August to 3 September 1945. But a struggle between two intelligence services began several years earlier.
we All know the legendary Soviet resident in Japan, Richard Sorge, but it should be clarified that he opposed a powerful spy network.
When organizing its work, the power structures of the Country of the rising sun are still guided by the famous treatise “the Art of war” (IV century BC), the author of which is considered to be the Chinese General sun Tzu. In his book, Kelsen paid special attention to the recruitment of spies from the enemy camp. Why Japanese intelligence before the Second world war sought to get into their ranks as many as possible, hoping to achieve a strategic advantage.
In the newspaper “Pravda” on July 9-10, 1937, published an article by Sergey each mousetrap of uranium “Subversive work of Japanese intelligence”. The author claimed, citing information from the competent employees of the NKVD, and in 1931, after the Japanese military intervention in Manchuria, began an active recruitment. In the interests of the Japanese got a Russian population of Harbin, white immigrants and their children in ChinaAE, Manchuria and Japan, Koreans and Chinese living in the border regions of the USSR, the representatives of the Muslim clergy of Central Asia, the Far East, as well as all sorts of anti-Soviet elements.
in addition, potential spies in those years were all the people who came from the Country of the rising sun, as the authorities allowed citizens travel abroad in exchange for a promise to promote Japanese intelligence, if necessary.
Russian Harbin
Chinese city of Harbin was founded by Russian builders of the Chinese Eastern railway (CER) in 1898. Many of the workers and engineers were left here after completion of the project. Then they were joined by whites and Cossacks, who fled from the red Army. By 1924, the number of Russians in this city, according to historians, exceeded 100 thousand people, they had families, raised children.
the Japanese occupied northeast China in 1931, decided to maximize the residents of Harbin for intelligence and sabotage purposes. All the white emigre organizations were taken under control, and among the population began an active propaganda. For example, the occupation authorities issued Russian daily newspaper “Harbin time” through which campaigned immigrants to enlist by the Japanese.
Special attention before the Second world war had been given to work with the grown children of the whites. Established in 1939, the youth organization of the Kio-WA-Kai was engaged in anti-Communist propaganda among the second generation of Russian Harbin.
the Fascists and the white guards
the Author of “white Russians in military service in China” Sergey Balmasov notes that the founder of the Russian fascist party of Konstantin Rodzaevsky actively cooperated with the Japanese authorities. He was one of the leaders of the Bureau for Russian emigrants of the administration of the puppet state of Manchukuo, established by the invaders in northeast China.
Interestingly, in addition to traditional flyers and social events supporters Radsuesco organized Pro-fascist propaganda through radio broadcasts. Moreover, the broadcast and in the border areas of the USSR.
the Number of Russian fascist party was about 3 thousand people. In Harbin worked the so-called “Academy named after Stolypin” – are trained spies and saboteurs.
However, many white emigre organizations have also been involved in such work. For example, “the Union of the Musketeers”, “the Union of Cossacks in the far East”, the monarchist Association. Among their members were staunch anti-Communists willing to cooperate with anyone, if only against the hated Soviet Russia.
School of saboteurs
Special mention goes to the squad Asano, organized in 1938 for training saboteurs. This military unit was named in honor of their commander, Japanese Colonel Makoto Asano. Fighters of group participated in several provocations on the Soviet border. So, in 1941, a group of saboteurs engaged in battle with Soviet border guards, then a few “asenevtsi” was killed.
Special attention in the unit was given to the study of blowing stuff up, because during a full-scale war, the soldiers would have had to have an emergency on Railways of the USSR, depriving the Soviet army the ability to deliver to the far East troops and military equipment.
However, the efforts of the Japanese intelligence service constantly met with well-orchestrated by the NKVD to work on identifying spies. Our security officers are carefully checked all arriving in the USSR, even not suspicious at first glance.
In his article “the Struggle Zabaykalsky counterintelligence with Japanese intelligence,” retired Colonel Alexey Soloviev noted that in 1941-1945 in Transbaikalia was caught 242 Japanese agent. Moreover, almost all of them have come to the attention of state security of the USSR shortly after illegally crossing the border.
Political campaigning
Despite ideological disagreement with the Communists, not all young people of Harbin were eager to blow up the iron the road to the distant homeland of their fathers. At times, the Japanese authorities had to seriously put pressure on potential Russian spies, forcing them to cooperate. And set in the sabotage school were often held in force.
But the occupation administration knew that ideological opponents of the USSR will work much more efficiently than recruited by the threats and fear of saboteurs. Therefore, Manchukuo was a real “zombie” population: Newspapers, radio stations, public organizations are constantly praising Japanese:
a wise government;
ancient cultures
health care and education;
work on the education of other peoples less civilized.
the Residents of Harbin have been indoctrinated with the idea that the only true way is a service for the good of the land of the rising sun. Another powerful factor in the propaganda of the essential ideas was cinema.
Film and Germans
the Candidate of historical Sciences, orientalist Vera Fomenko in his scientific work “socio-cultural policy of Japan in Manchukuo (1932-1945 years)” says that the leaders of Japan quickly realized how movies can influence on mass consciousness. And if in the first half of 1930-ies in the whole of Manchuria, there were only 80 cinemas in 1942, the number of such institutions exceeded two hundred.
After the outbreak of the Second world war, the residents of Harbin could see only Japanese, Sino-Japanese, or German films that had propaganda value. A documentary short film talked about how much better life in Manchuria after its occupation by the Japanese: built new buildings, bridges, roads and shops. Newsreels exposed the soldiers and officers of the Emperor’s army real heroes, praised their wartime exploits. In feature films of the representatives of the Country of a rising sun showed in idealized manner, contrasting them corrupt or the simple-minded Chinese.
Some propaganda tape was filmed in the occupied territories. For this in 1937 was created the “Manchurian film company”. During the Second world war, the film production is completely controlled Japanese police and the Department of media of the Japanese General staff. Strict censorship imposed the adoption by the government of the country in 1939, “the Law of cinema.”
the Residents of Harbin and showed propaganda films of Nazi Germany – the ideological ally of Japan in those years. Moreover, this was done in massive scale with participation of employees of almost all institutions and organizations of the city.
for Example, after watching the documentary “Chronicle of the life and activities of the German nation,” leaders of different ranks gave speeches about the need for a resolute struggle against communism, in close cooperation with the Germans.
Getting to these screenings in voluntary-a compulsory order, the young Russian harbintsy were filled with “correct” ideas and soon found themselves in the Japanese special forces.
Origanum Tanatarova
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