History 07/02/20 “Landing on the sun,” as the Marines attempted to dislodge the Germans from Shlisselburg
Summer and autumn for the troops of the Leningrad front, and the whole of the red Army, was a series of continuous failures. Interestingly, in the course of the summer and autumn operations of the Soviet forces conducted several amphibious operations, the details of which have rarely been published. If it was mentioned, very briefly:
“Landing teams of sailors and border guards from the 20th NKVD division, Colonel A. P. Ivanov repeatedly sent them to the rear of the enemy. Everywhere they showed miracles of bravery.”
“… the Germans ran. By that time they already were well familiar with what’s “Schwarz Todt” (“the black death”) as they called our Marines.” — Zhukov’s “Memories and reflections”
these operations were All connected by the fact that they ended in huge losses, and were doomed to fail from the outset, and, by and large, there is no benefit from them.
they were not quite sea, because the troops were landed, not only in the Gulf but also on lake Ladoga and via the river Neva.
Ladoga landings
After the Finnish troops in July, broke through the Soviet defenses to the North of lake Ladoga, the commander of the North-West direction, Marshal Voroshilov instructed the Ladoga flotilla landed troops in the rear of the Finnish troops. Before him stood the task to threaten the rear and flank of the advancing Finnish troops.
to Meet the troops was to attack the operational group of the 7th army, hastily created and too few in number to have a chance at success. Troops were to capture the island of Mantsinsaari and Lunkulansaari, and then to land on the coast. Intended for the landing of the 4th brigade of Marines, which was in its formative stages. The training was only three days, exploration was not carried out, on the strength of the enemy there was no information. The operation failed completely, landing suffered casualties on the approach, landed the soldiers were blocked by the Finns, who managed to send in reinforcements. Only a small number of paratroopers were able to evacuate all the heavy weapons were abandoned, lost two boats. The operation described in his works and Shirokorad A. (“Northern war of Russia”) and V. Mosunov (“Amphibious operations Ladoga flotilla in July-August 1941”).
the Soviet historians claimed that the landing could distract the Finnish forces and to slow the onset. But all modern historians agree that because of the insignificant scale of this operation had no influence on the actions of the Finnish troops. The advance of the Finns slowed down, but it was caused by the postponement of action on the Karelian isthmus.
Shlisselburg landings
Immediately after the 8th September 1941 German troops surrounded Leningrad and began trying to break the Blockade. Within the 1st Sinyavinskaya operations were important Shlisselburg city. Take it only landed troops. What was planned to be done by two battalions of the 1st division of the NKVD and the composite battalion of sailors of the Ladoga flotilla.
the Historian A. Krasilnikov, in his work “the Landings of 1941 in the vicinity of Leningrad”, drew attention that the forces allocated for the capture of the city were too small. In September the same division at full strength, could not hold the town, attacked the incomplete battalion of the German 20th motorized division. Take the city planned only two battalions. Moreover, the crossing equipment was barely enough for one.
the 20th of September a landing across the river was conducted by the fighters of the NKVD, but suffered losses, and all crossing means were disabled. Over the next three days the landing was trying to carry out the sailors from the lake Ladoga. On the first day (or rather night) was interrupted by weather, the second to the shore came up too far from Shlisselburg, on the third day the troops were landed, but most were in the 54th army, for druguyu side of the German front.
the 25th of September before dark, the ships of troops came to the shore in 4 km East of Schlusselburg. The assault was discovered on the approach of the fighters landed 2 km from the shore into the icy water. The Germans used aircraft to the landing even pulled tanks. The fire support ships were forced to retreat under air strikes and coastal artillery fire. Landed 175 people, of which 11 are then pushed through the front line.
26th September, the battalion of the 1st division of the NKVD crossed the river and landed on the pier of Shlisselburg. But it is not supported, and the next day the battalion was completely destroyed, and boats trying to get reinforcements.
ill-prepared operation was doomed to failure. Even those forces which initially was not enough, were used separately, which allowed the Germans to smash them individually. It is no coincidence that 2005 interview with the last living participant in Shlisselburg assault by Mykola Bainum called “Landing on that light.”
Strelninskoe landings
Strelninskoe-day offensive had to join the army of the Leningrad front with Oranienbaumsky springboard. From Leningrad was to attack the troops of the 42nd army, with the main striking force tank regiment (32 heavy tank KV), to meet them was to attack the troops of the 8th army. To support the offensive, which was along the coast of the Gulf of Finland was planned several assaults.
the Operation was prepared in great haste, as a result, all troops were inconsistent.
the First landing was planted in the vicinity of the plant Pishmash 3 October before the planned start of the offensive. It consisted of 250 people, the 6th marine brigade. The Marines moved inland, but suffered losses and retreated to the shore. Survived 70 people. The rest of 6 brigade was trying to get to meet him, but did not.
5 October in Peterhof landing was composed of 510 people from cadets and various logistics services fleet. DeSant fought for two days, survived about a hundred wounded, were captured. Troops of the 8th army launched an offensive on the outskirts of Peterhof, but was unable to move.
on the same day in Strelna, a landing was formed from part of the 20th division of the NKVD. 500 130 soldiers refused to parachute. All the rest died. The next day landed another 147 people, of which only a few and then made their way to her.
the 8th of October at the landing, took part 431, got to the shore 249. Survived several. On the same day, finally went on the attack, the tanks of the 42nd army, but without infantry support. The tankers made their way to Strelna, but troopers that they were to join had already died. Back no the tank is not returned.
the Landings carried out without coordination and interaction with land troops, were doomed to failure. After the surprise has already been lost, the enemy was waiting for the landing and destroyed the landings on the way, and the army has already waged the attack (that is, the troops have lost the meaning), actions of the front command, required to continue landing new parts, according to many historians should be evaluated as a crime.
Cyril Shishkin
Source:
© Russian Seven
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