History 11/01/20 How much cost the Soviet ruble in the occupied territories of the USSR
In German-occupied territories of the USSR the Soviet money had been in circulation for almost a year. The Nazis initially did not pay attention to it, and its own capacities for production occupation was not enough money, and the trade freeze was not supposed to. Maxim Kustov in the book “the Price of victory in rubles” says that not only market prices were in rubles, rubles as the occupants were given a salary and bonuses to policemen and other collaborators.
the Ruble – legal means of payment
In Kiev in the autumn of 1942, kilogram of bread cost 250 rubles, a glass of salt – 200 rubles, a kilogram of butter – 6 000 rubles and a kilogram of fat – 7 000 rubles. All this was beyond the financial capabilities of the overwhelming majority of the population, wages and salaries averaged 300-500 rubles a month. Cigarettes sold individually – 2 rubles apiece. Source of cigarettes, as well as many other goods, according to the memoirs of survivors of the occupation, was a German and Hungarian soldiers. They took it wholesale, and then selling retail.
Taxes from the Ukrainian population, the Nazis also took first in the Soviet banknotes – about 200 rubles a year poll tax, although there was a tax on Windows, doors and surplus furniture.
About the same was the case in the occupied Baltic States and Belarus, is that the latter partly were part of East Prussia and the territories have had circulation real REICHSMARK. But if the representative of the occupied population on the hands was more than 10 Reichsmarks, the legality of their origin had to be proved by documents.
the Money of the occupation
publications Shchelokov, Paramonova, Sinilova and Orlov, as well as from the book of Muller, “the Wehrmacht and the occupation (1941-1944)”, the following picture. In 1942 began the centralized withdrawal of Soviet rubles with the replacement of their occupationgovernmental monetary signs. For Ukraine it was the karbovanets, which circulated in Belarus. For Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Belarus – occupation marks and the estimated receipts issued in exchange for the unused products, wool or linen. In 1944, in Riga printed out of the estimated receipts with a validity until 30 April 1945.
a Similar “settlement funds” were circulated in the occupied territories of Northern Russia and parts of the Leningrad and Pskov regions, which were in the frontal area. Naturally, any real substance, these calculated marks are not possessed and was worth no more than the paper on which it was released. It was one of the parties removal from the population values, when really the produce of agriculture, and then put the gold in special collection points were exchanged on the cost of paper. And to pass the agricultural population was necessarily specially fixed low price. All pre-war deposits in the occupied territories was revoked without compensation. By this time the circulation of Soviet rubles were banned, and large bills seized without compensation.
In Ukraine changed as the Soviet rubles for karbovanets at the rate of 1:1, but not more than 200 rubles in cash. Over $ 200 rubles credited to special non-interest bearing “savings account” in lieu of cash issued Bank receipt. On the territory of Ukraine in circulation was the karbovanets, occupation stamps, German zinc and bronze coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 Pfennig and the Soviet trifle from 1 to 20 cents. The karbovanets was subject to serious inflation, and by the spring of 1944, the population actually declined from the settlement in them, going to barter. By the way, for the issuance of partisans and Jews fleeing from the ghetto, the Germans also paid in kind – a peck of flour or a cow, according to the data of the site “I remember.”
Konstantin Baranovsky
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