History 21/01/20 How many troops the red Army fought against Hitler in 1941
in the Summer of 1941 the Soviet armed forces were the largest on the planet, but the beginning of the great Patriotic war at the Western borders of the country was less than the German troops.
On 22 June 1941 5 the Western border districts of the Soviet Union was concentrated more than 56% of the land forces and nearly 60% of the air force. In addition, in may to the Western borders began transfer 70 strategic echelon divisions from the interior military districts.
on the Western borders of the USSR from the Black sea to the Baltic sea to the beginning of the war was concentrated 3 061 160 people from 5 211 744 — this was the total strength of the red army. Germany along with the allies by this time concentrated at our borders grouping 4 005 329 soldiers. That is, the number of Wehrmacht troops outnumbered the forces of the red Army in 1.4 times. For comparison, the aircraft we had a two-fold superiority over the enemy, and the tanks four times.
the Concentration of Soviet and German forces at the contact line was uneven. In the North-West German troops of army group “North” were opposed by the troops of the Baltic special military district. This is directly near the boundary was only 8 Soviet divisions, 10 were located at 80-120 km from them. Only the Baltic States were concentrated 348 863 soldiers of the red Army, they had to withstand the onslaught of almost 793 thousand German soldiers.
In the Western direction met the German group of armies “Center” and the troops of the Western special military district. According to the plan “Barbarossa”, it was here should have been dealt a major blow, so near the borders of Belarus, the German command concentrated to 40% of their divisions. The overall correlation of forces in this direction: 1 453 200 German military proteve 791 445 of the red army.
the South-West direction – the impact of army group “South” and parts of the Kiev special and Odessa military districts. According to the plans of the Soviet command, this was the key to strike at the enemy, so Ukraine had the largest concentration of troops: 1 412 136 in the red army against 1 556 100 of the Wehrmacht.
it is Obvious that all the main directions Germany had a substantial numerical advantage over the Soviet Union in manpower, however, is not determined by the total superiority of the Wehrmacht in the first months of the war. It is important to remember that the German troops on 22 June 1941, was fully deployed for the start of hostilities, while the red Army was in the process of relocation. Top Soviet leaders despite repeated intelligence reports was completely unprepared for the German attack in June 1941.
the Fragmentation of the units of the red army was probably the main cause of the painful defeats of the summer and autumn of 1941. The location of Soviet troops to the beginning of the war can be divided into three echelons, were no operational links with each other: border, deep and strategic. Each of them had a little more than 50 divisions, separated by hundreds of kilometers. In fact, the Red Army was caught by surprise at the stage of deployment, which began in may and was supposed to end by mid-July. On 22 June 1941, the entire front from the Baltic to the Black sea from more than 70 divisions of the red army, 38, and the part was ready to fight.
Another problem that prevented the concentration of Soviet troops at the Western borders, was Japan, until the middle of 1943, chilling in the far East, almost a third of all the forces of the red army. As of 1 December 1941 in the far East and in southern Siberia was concentrated to nearly 1 million 600 thousand men.
Despite the fact that on 13 April 1941 between the USSR and Japan had signed a neutrality Pact, any confidence in the Soviet Leplanes that Tokyo will not break the agreements, it was not. Moreover, 6 Sep 1941, according to the decree of the Imperial government, Japan was going to continue the war in the Pacific. The interests of the Japanese had spread to the Eurasian continent.
However, after a few days the head of the Soviet residency in Tokyo — Richard Sorge reported that, according to his source, the Japanese military leadership until the end of 1941 no plans to attack the Soviet Union. The presence of the Japanese army in Manchuria will remain at case after all, the conflict with the Soviet Union would be inevitable.
According to the plan “Kanokwan”, developed by the Japanese General staff, the prospect of a war against the Soviet Union was gaining momentum in case of defeat of red Army near Moscow. The fall of the Soviet capital, according to forecasts Tokyo, was to change the balance of power in the far East in favour of Japan.
During the Tokyo process was released information that by December 5, 1941, in preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union, Japan launched a half infantry divisions and land aircraft, up to 80% of cavalry units and almost 65% of the tank regiments. And in early January 1942, the Japanese General staff issued an order calling for land forces to be dispatched to Manchuria liberated part after operations in the Pacific theater of operations.
the Fall of the Soviet capital, the Japanese did not wait. Moreover, even in the midst of the battle for Moscow the Rate is not touched the connections of the far Eastern military district, swelling the ranks at the expense of other reserves, primarily from the Siberian divisions.
Since the beginning of 1942, the expansion of the group of Soviet troops already significantly outpaced the replenishment of the compounds of the Wehrmacht and its allies. So, by June 1942 at the front were fighting 5 million 313 thousand soldiers of the red Army, from the Axis they were opposed by 3 million 720 thousand soldiers.
in may 1945 the red army numbered around 11 million people. All the years of the great Patriotic war under the gun was delivered 34 million Soviet citizens were killed or missing, according to official figures, 6 million 329 thousand soldiers and officers, 1.2 million did not return from German captivity. The German army based on the forces of the allies on the Eastern front lost 4.6 million people, 600 thousand disappeared in Soviet captivity.
Taras Repin
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